Personal Statement On Occupational Therapy - 915 Words

Growing up, I have been an individual who has pushed myself beyond the minimum requirements in order to succeed. In high school I excelled in both academics and athletics. I graduated in the top 10% of my class and lettered in hockey and tennis my sophomore, junior, and senior year. I worked hard and put in extra time in order to set myself apart from others. Succeeding in both school and athletics made me a responsible, reliable, and an organized individual. These experiences made me a versatile individual and have given me a work ethic that has benefited me with my academics in college and with my work and volunteer experiences. Occupational therapy is the career that I have always been interested in because it is a career where I would be able to use my creativity when providing therapy to patients, work and connect with a diverse population, and be a leader. From volunteering and shadowing therapists, I have realized that there is no patient that is the same. Occupational therapists meet with many patients each day and each therapy session is customized for that specific individual. I like this because as an occupational therapist, you have to get to know the patient on a personal level and adapt as a professional to a treatment that will benefit each individual patient. This is a part of the profession that I would enjoy I would continue to learn everyday and I would be able to connect with people. I would be able to use my creativity to help individuals get better andShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Occupational Therapy923 Words   |  4 PagesMy fascination with technology sparked my interest in th e health care field and ultimately in occupational therapy. As a computer technician I felt how gratifying it was to help people adapt to their environment to accomplish their daily tasks. Seeing injury and exhaustion set in on my coworkers as they sat in their grey cubicles for hours, moved me to craft ergonomic workspaces, such as replacing their seats with yoga balls to improve their posture and spinal alignment, while providing others withRead MorePersonal Statement : Occupational Therapy866 Words   |  4 PagesOccupational therapy is the ability to provide help to others fairly and respectfully by doing everyday activities that can actually benefit the patients by improving the quality of his or her life. By doing so, this patient will be able to return to their loved ones and their daily activities. As a future occupational therapy, I will try my best to help these patients reach their goals of becoming dependent again. The passion that I have to help those that are in needs of treatments. There are severalRead MorePersonal Statement On Occupational Therapy1556 Words   |  7 Pagesof public health as defined -- why or why not? (this will likely take 1- 1  ½ pages) Occupational therapy is a profession that address the vital importance of people’s psychological and physical needs as well as emotional well-being. Occupational therapists focus on taking care of their clients through a holistic view by looking at how personal factors influence the disease process. In addition, occupation therapy practitioners are an important part in teaching and educating individuals the ways ofRead MorePersonal Statement : Occupational Therapy1112 Words   |  5 Pageswhere I could help others and use my love for problem solving and hands-on interest. This is when I became interested in occupational therapy and fell in love with the profession. Occupational therapy has several elements I find passion in such as, the ability to be hands on and help change other people’s lives in a positive manner. My goal in life is to become an occupational therapist and help others live independent lives again. As I work to obtain this goal, I am doing many thing s such as strengtheningRead MorePersonal Statement For Occupational Therapy Class Essay1959 Words   |  8 Pagestime. With this in mind I felt positive I was going to do well on my interview reflection assignment for my Introduction to Occupational Therapy class. I approached OTR, Mary Rooney, the day before my last day of observation and informed her if it would be ok to interview one of the Occupational Therapists for an assignment I have to do for my intro to Occupational Therapy class. Mary informed me she would be ok with an interview and if I can interview her today on her break time. I explained thatRead MoreA Political Party May Have On Regulating Healthcare Essay1392 Words   |  6 Pagesa political party may have on regulating healthcare. Furthermore, it proves the responsibility of the occupational therapists to investigate and advocate in politics regarding health care that may affect future clients and/or quality of care. The occupational therapy student (OTS) will present research on the libertarian candidate Gary Johnson, and his views on healthcare and occupational therapy. About Gary Johnson and the Libertarian Party Gary Johnson is a candidate representing the libertarianRead MoreOccupational Therapy Philosophy1209 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Occupational Therapy: Integrating Art and Science * ------------------------------------------------- * ------------------------------------------------- What is occupational therapy? How does one define the profession and validate its worth in the medical field? Since its conception as an established health care profession, occupational therapy’s philosophy has been defined, redefined, and refined. In their writings esteemed Occupational Therapists Mary ReillyRead MoreSocial Cognitive Modeling Characteristics : Analysis1062 Words   |  5 Pagesof St. Augustine Unit #5-EDF 7171900- Motivation Theory in Education Social cognitive theory analyzes on how people gain knowledge, expertise and their interactions during the process. It also, looks at the external influences imposed by personal factors, and environmental interactions. According to social cognitive theorists (Schunk, Meece Pintrich, 2014) effective modeling happens when the observer is motivated to learn (p. 132). What triggers his/her motivation? How do we know theRead MoreThe Field Of Occupational Therapy1216 Words   |  5 Pagesfield of occupational therapy during the mechanistic paradigm of the 1960’s. In the last few years of this decade, occupational therapy was beginning to divert back to its original, holistic focus. Occupation as a health-restoring measure, with emphasis on the person and environment, was becoming the focal point (Flick, 2015). Elizabeth Yerxa, a registered occupational therapist, emerged as a leader during this time with contributions to the philosophical foundation and values of the occupationa l therapyRead MoreResearch Study, Ward, Mitchell, And Price1299 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship to social and occupational participation (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2014). Their research redirects the profession to it’s core values and puts an emphasis on the importance to keep OT client-centered and occupation-based moving forward in our profession to ensure clients are engaging in meaningful occupations. (World Federation of Occupational Therapists, 2010). Identification of the Leader: Kristine Ward Kristine Ward MS, OTR/L is an Occupational Therapist at McKay Dee

Can Science Prove the Creation of the Universe Essay

If someone could tell you the answer to how it all began, how our world was created, why we exist, would you want to know? Modern Science has made some pretty impressive discoveries about our universe. As stated by George Smoot, a cosmologist at the University of California at Berkeley and winner of the 2006 Nobel Prize in physics, â€Å"I think we all know where we came from and how we fit into the world, but some of us need to know how it all works in great detail.† While some people believe testing these theories is a trial of faith, there are others who know that discovering how the universe was created is within arm’s length. According to most religions, the universe and everything in it were created by God, but, on the other hand,†¦show more content†¦According to Higgs, in an interview given by Ian Sample who writes for the British magazine The Guardian, this particle is believed to give everything mass, it is how the universe holds itself together, and evidence of the Higgs boson would validate what we believe about the Big Bang theory and how the universe was created. Sample also describes how the Higgs theory explains how particles cling to a new type of field, dragging on them and making them heavy. Sample also quotes Higgs as saying â€Å"some particles can go right through the field while others are ‘sticky’ and get heavy when in the field.† Before this discovery, science just accepted that things have different masses, never really understanding why, but understanding when the basic building blocks are broken down, atoms weigh nothing, and it’s almost as if they disappear in front of our very eyes (Sample). This field is said to have played an important role in the creation of the universe and is the reason that evidence of the Higgs boson will validate the Big Bang theory. When matter is broken down it becomes even smaller, going from molecules to atoms to quarks and mass appears to vani sh (Sample). The Higgs field shows that at the very beginning of the universe, the smallest building blocks of nature were truly weightless, but a fraction of a second later, when the fireball from the big bang cooled, it became full of mass (Sample). In theory particles weighShow MoreRelatedOriginal Creation Of The Earth ( Nebular Hypothesis Vs. Six Day Creation )1064 Words   |  5 Pagestopic selected for the following comparative essay is, â€Å"Original creation of the earth (nebular hypothesis vs. six-day creation).† This essay will discuss the key points and differences found in both of the creation theories. The young-earth six-day creation view will be compared against the secular nebular hypothesis. For introductory purposes the definition of the two theories will be provided as follows: the nebular hypothesis can be defined as, â€Å"A great cloud of gas and dust begins to collapseRead MoreCreation Versus Evolution in Schools770 Words   |  3 PagesCreation v s. Evolution: the School Front Despite great efforts to convince the opposing belief for centuries, a battle still brews amongst creationists and evolutionists over the beginning of life and the universe, but neither opinions’ palpability can be firmly upheld through scientific manners. Since science can only prove hypotheses that are testable and based on current observations, neither creation nor evolutionary concepts can be proven with irrefutable evidence. However, regardless of theRead MoreEssay on Creation vs. Evolution1348 Words   |  6 PagesCreation vs. Evolution Ever since the publication of Charles Darwins The Origin of Species was published there has been an ongoing debate between science and religion. Scientists have formulated many theories as to the origins of man and to the creation of the earth, whereas religious groups have one main creation theory, based on the Genesis story of The Bible. These theories, however, are not the cause of the debate because the different theories are simply myths meantRead MoreScientific Theories Are Not Random Guesses894 Words   |  4 PagesGrowing up, I have been taught to believe that the universe was first created by God and that all of mankind shared that same ancestors, Adam and Eve. However, if one’s belief is that of science, then they probably believe in Darwin’s theory of evolution which states all organisms originated from microscopic organisms who have changed and been modified over time. However, whatever your theory may be, it is only plausible if it accurately describes an observation and makes definite predictions aboutRead MoreThe Cosmological Argument On The Existence Of God1444 Words   |  6 Pagessuch theory. The Cosmological Argument has been changed and reviewed for years; however, the focus has always stayed the same. The universe is a prime example that there is a God. A simple Cosmological argument states that: Everything that exists has a cause of its existence. The universe exists. Therefore, The universe has a cause of its existence. If the universe has a cause of its existence, then that cause is God. Therefore, God exists (NA, 2008). In my opinion, this argument has very basicRead MoreEssay about Creation Science1400 Words   |  6 Pages Creationism is a religious metaphysical theory about the origin of the universe. It is not a scientific theory. Technically, creationism is not necessarily connected to any particular religion. It simply requires a belief in a Creator. Millions of Christians and non-Christians believe there is a Creator of the universe and that scientific theories such as the the theory of evolution do not conflict with belief in a Creator. However, fundamentalist Christians such as Ronald Reagan and Jerry FalwellRead MoreScience and Religion Essay614 Words   |  3 PagesScience and Religion Science explains the origins of the universe therefore we do not need God . This quote means that science-for example the big bang, created the universe, without the use, or need for a divine being. The universe was created somehow, so why not by a scientific theory? Some people (normally un religious) believe that science created the universe. They believe, that an explosion, forming the sun, and thus creating planets occurred, theyRead MoreEvolutionism versus Creationism Essay513 Words   |  3 Pagesis a story about facts. There is a constant debate going on with science versus religion, but the interesting point to realize it that science creates the facts, and all the creationists (the religious) can do it argue evolutionists theories. So what can be inferred is that evolutionists provide the evidence, and the creationists try and prove the evolutionists wrong. Mind you, any group, not just particularly the creationists, can easily fill this job. Notice, in the study of fossils there isRead MoreCreationism Vs. Creationism : Theories Based On Personal Beliefs, Religious Values, And Scientific Information951 Words   |  4 Pagesit cannot be tested by the scientific method (Sarfati Ph.D., n.d.).† Science requires a hypothesis or theory be testable and reinforced by physical evidence, but religion requires one to believe in the Holy Bible without analysis or judgm ent. The Bible’s Old Testament was written around 1400 BC by the Israelites; thus, it can never be proved wrong because of its long-standing religious belief, that God created this universe. Though the world wants to choose between the two theories based on personalRead MoreA Presentation On Being An Atheist Mccloskey1509 Words   |  7 Pageswe view of the universe is God. The approach that Foreman has is clearer to a person who believes that God created the heavens and the earth. McCloskey discusses three proofs the cosmological, teleological, and the argument from design he states that people are moved to a belief in God by what they take to be evidence of design and purpose. There are many arguments between atheist and theist on the approach of God’s existence, theist will always refer back to God creating the universe, being and intelligent

Conflict Crises and Environmental Health-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Question: Disucss about the Conflict Crises and Environmental Health. Answer: Introduction: The conflict situation, regardless of the underlying situation behind it, gives rise to a number of key challenges. The political violence and brutality might be the reason behind an immense loss of human resource for the vulnerable region, another very influential impact of the war or conflict crisis brutalities is the phenomenon of mass migration. It has to be understood that the history has witnessed the concept of mass migration time and time again and yet the world is nowhere hear ready to house the huge quantity of people fleeing from the horror in their country during a conflict crisis. As an inevitable result the number of refugees is rising alarmingly all across the globe (Wolf et al. 2014). The living conditions of the refugees are blasphemous considering the lifestyle of the natives, and the refugees are not even provided the access to the vital human rights like sanitation, hygiene and clean water. As a result, the infectious diseases and health adversities like cholera, malnutrition, diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid and intestinal worms is escalating alarmingly in the refugees eventually leading to a huge loss of lives (Bartram and Cairncross 2010). This assignment will explore the burden of challenges on the refugee populations, and how three basic human rights, sanitation, hygiene and clean water are crucial to maintain the basic health outcome of any community and avoid the likelihood of the abovementioned disease outbreaks. Complications in crisis situations A Refugee Crisis refers to a situation caused due to displacement of large number of people comprised of aslylum seekers and refuges. As per the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, about 65.6 million people got displaced globally because of the reasons mentioned. This crisis can be cause because of Wars or civil unrests, Human rights violations (for example due to corruption in Uganda, Somalia, Nigeria), Environmental Conditions (for example in Bolivia or Tanzania), Economic Hardships (in third world countries). These displaced people, end up migrating to the nearest countries where they can seek asylum or refuge, and thereby causing an enormous influx of people. The temporary refugee camps set up to accommodate these individuals, are generally aimed to give the basic human necessities during their short duration of stay. Ideally, these settlements are supposed to have provisions for housing and sanitation, food rations, provide means of an income and security for the refu gees or asylum seekers, apart from ensuring democracy and justice and well being of these people. However, a study of several refugee camps shows that such parameters are not consistently maintained, and an overcrowding of the camps often resulted in deprivation of such facilities to the refugees. For an example, The Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan houses more than 83,000 people in simple, temporary tents, which provide very little or almost no protection against sub zero temperatures or now or flooding (King and Smith, 2015). Similarly, the Congolese refugees in the Nyarugusu camp in Tanzania have built their own settlements using unbaked bricks, so that they can be razed at a moments notice (Thomson, 2014). This temporary nature of the refugee camps makes them especially vulnerable to collapse on the long run, or when running at or above capacity. Because of this, there is an eventual breakdown of the available facilities like sanitation, water and food supply, and thereby neglecting the basic human necessities. A lack or shortage of funding to the host countries, political corruption, diplomacy and red-tapism, rebel or terrorist groups and fragmentation further complicates the situation, preventing the improvement of the situations seen in the camps. The risk of conflicts be comes even higher when the refugees live in oppressive setup, lacking the legal income sources and economy, and are denied the basic necessities (Lischer, 2017). The refugees also, end up being in peril, unable to return to their countries because of ongoing crisis, and unable to sustain living in camps because of the sub human conditions. Since the refugees often arrive in the camps in already poor health conditions, dependant on foreign aid, they are at a higher risk of mortality by measles, diarrhea type diseases, enteric diseases, measles, malaria, acute respiratory diseases, malnutrition and other infectious diseases. Additionally, some camps also showed a higher prevalence of HIV and Sexually Transmitted Diseases due to engagement with sex workers, rape and insufficient access to health services. The Biggest barriers in the providence of healthcare and development in refugee camps are due to their remote locations, and limited supplies apart from their temporary nature (www.uniteforsight.org, 2017). The limited resources, compounded with frequent overcrowding strains the basic resources (like food and water) allocated to the refugees. T he constant influx or efflux of people to and from the camps also makes the sustenance of proper healthcare very difficult and challenging to overcome. Access to healthcare also depends vastly depending on the country of asylum and the type of settlement (refugee camp or urban/informal settlement). As per UNHCR reports, in Zatari Camp (Jordan), 72.1% of the visits to primary healthcare was for communicable diseases, 21.8% for non-communicable diseases, 4.8% for injury related issues and 1.3% for mental health issues. Similarly, most of visits from the refugee camps in Lebanon and Iraq were because of communicable diseases, compared to that for non-communicable diseases (7.4% for Iraq and 8.3% for Lebanon) (www.cdc.gov, 2017) Onset of diseases in conflict situation: The emergence of the diseases can be recognized in a population which involves a pathogen that is affecting some populations or any of the geographical areas. The emergence of the diseases is being influenced by the ecological and some of the environmental factors (Spengler et al., 2016). It also depends upon human behavior, technology, industry and sometimes microbial adaptation. These situations of conflict can be characterized by a war in between two countries or inside the country. These conflicts can lead to the migration of a large number of populations into some of the temporary camps or settlements (Leaning and Guha-Sapir 2013). These results into the overcrowding of the shelters, inadequacy in safe water, hygiene and sanitation, which eventually leads to the onset of the diseases such as cholera, typhoid, dysentery and other health adversity conditions such as malnutrition and intestinal worms. In the pro-conflict situation the populations have a high rate of mortality and i llness which is caused due to the rise in the levels of malnutrition, stress for a long time and less coverage of vaccine. The diseases that are emerging in the history are the scariest part of the past. Life in the refugee camp was too difficult and it becomes impossible for the peoples to stay at the camps (Alawieh et al. 2014). Now a day the conflict situations arise too often. However in some of the situations the infectious diseases sometime become too complicated. Recently a known conflict is existed in the middle east countries and Africa. During the time of conflict the facilities got reduced as compared to the expected needs, there is reduction in proper sanitation, hygiene and scarcity of pure water. Some of the examples of the spread of the diseases are the spread of malaria during the Tajikistan war in 1960s, during this time the outbreak of plasmodium falciparum occurred in Tajikistan for the first time. Another outbreak that was caused is the Lassa fever which has been caused from the rodents (Sharara and Kanj 2014). In the similar way the improper conditions of sanitation has led to the increase of the rats which results in the outbreak of the disease known as Tularemia. In this disease the infected person mainly suffers from diarrhea and typhoid. The spread of the diseases also depends on the migration of the relief workers, refugees, animals and some of the employees those are working at the mining or the construction employees. There is also a possibility of spreading of the diseases from the infectious aid workers who had returned from the war zone is carrying the infections with them (Alasaad 2013). These workers are already being infected with the diseases such as chol era, dysentery, typhoid and many more. The risk factors that are responsible for the emergence of the diseases are worst conditions of the dwellings, unsecured storage of grains, defecation and urination at open spaces and contamination of the food materials by flies and insects. Crucial importance of sanitation and hygiene: Individuals fleeing from their native land often face challenges to avail basic elements of hygiene and sanitation. This is mainly due to the crisis situation that arises due to increase number of conflict between refuses coming from various Nation across globe. The lack of sanitation is also causing huge threats on the health and life cycle of the people, thereby increasing the risk of contaminated diseases. With the help of proper hygiene and sanitation program it is possible to provide proper protection and clean drinking water to millions of refugees within the temporary camps. It is important mentioned in the given context that the Refugee people originate from different cultural background. Hence, there is a huge difference in the process of maintaining hygiene and sanitation between different group of refugees. this is mainly due to the difference in lifestyle of different group of people (Harding et al. 2017). In this context, it is important for the Healthcare workers responsible for providing hygiene and safety to the respect the cultural values of every community within the Refugee camps. The help to deliver the program related to hygiene and sanitation that are in terms of individual cultural values. Empowering and educating the refugee people is one of the main importance of sanitation and hygiene program. It is also important to ensure the best possible security measures, which will have strict monitoring on the principles of sanitation and hygiene. Sustainable facilities and energy resources are few of the important elements array required in maintaining sanitation and hygiene (Harding et al. 2017). Shortage of clean drinking water is one of the major issues encountered in the refugee camps. Improve level of hygiene and sanitation program can help to provide emergency water supply during the time of crisis. Program of sanitation and hygiene also include construction of latrines and toilets. The health care team also provide proper resources for maintaining basic sanitation within the areas of Refugee camps. Biran et al. (2012), have mentioned about the importance of waste management program that are incorporated as a part of hygiene and sanitation. It is relevant to mention that due to lack of info lack of infrastructure and planning in constructing the refugee camps, it is highly tricky to offer proper waste control techniques. However, with the aid of plant waste management program, proper recycling and reusing of the waste for maintaining high level of sanitation. As mentioned by Cronin et al. (2008), the infection which is spread from the Refugee camps are also vulnerable to the local resident of the nation. The United State is one of the worst affected Nation, where local people every year have to suffer from various type of infectious disease that also include unknown form of illness. Hence, sanitation and hygiene program for the refugee camps can be a major cause of help for improving the health care condition of the host country. The sanitation and hygiene program will also include health screening, where every refugee have to undergo routine and basic medical checkup. This will help them to properly identify any form of infection or germs carried by the refugee people. It is Essential for the sanitation program to provide proper vaccination for better preventing of the infectious disease. From the report work of Scobie et al. (2017), it is clear that with the help of better level of sanitation and hygiene program it is possible to lessen the risks of communicable disease by 54%. There are many instances, where the case of sharing common latrines and toilets led to increased risk of spreading infectious disease. Sanitation program therefore helps to ensure that sufficient number of latrine is constructed within the refugee camps. Promoting cleanliness is another major element of the health sanitation and hygiene program. It is important to note that people within the refugee camps originate from different types of cultural background and most of them are from less educated background. Hence, with the awareness program for cleanliness, it is possible to incorporate the habit of cleanliness within the refugee people thereby decreasing the risk of spreading of infectious disease. Crucial importance of clean water: Clean water can be defined as the critical basic human right for everyone, without proper access to clean hygienic water for drinking there can be numerous health adversities that can come up any day. Adequate quantity of safe drinking water is an existential need for refugee camps as it has the potential to impart various serious implications in the living standards like the nutrition, health, education and sanitation. As per the data provided by the UNHCR, the refugee camps do not have the capability to provide the least requirement of 20 litres per day water per head to the camp members. The scarcity of clear water affects the nutrition, immunity and basic sanitation and hygiene immensely (Bartram and Cairncross 2010). It has to be mentioned in this context that, the most of the water-borne communicable diseases like the diarrheoa, cholera, dysentery, intestinal worms are essentially facilitated by unclean unhygienic water. Based on the annual prediction of the world health organi zation, clean and safe drinking water given equally to all refugee camp members can potentially save 1.4 million deaths due to diarrhoea, 500000 deaths due to malaria, and 860000 deaths due to malnutrition on a yearly basis. On a more elaborative note, a research study characterized 11% of the entire cholera cases n a Kenya refugee camp due to the lack of basic 20 litres of water per day provided to the members of the refugee camp. A very similar trend in communicable disease outbreak had been identified for diarrhoea in a Kenyan and Ghanaian refugee camp in 2006 with a shocking lack of 26% of clean water as per the basic daily requirements (Hunter, MacDonald and Carter 2010). Importance of clean water is not limited to delivery of non-contaminated water supplied to the refugee communities. In most of the refugee camps, the transfer mechanism of the contamination free water can successfully pollute clean water and eventually lead to the refugees succumbing to the most of the water borne diseases. The transfer of the water between the containers, storage vans, pipes and vessels in the camp being contaminated can increase the risk factor of contamination effectively. While discussing the impact of clean water on restoring th4e good health of the refugee camp members, the physical burden of water accessibility from far away regions can also complicate the refugees from collecting contamination free water (Brown, Cairncross and Ensink 2013). As per the WHO and UNCHR guidelines, refugee camps must have availability of clean water within 200 meter radius of the camp itself, although the recent statistics state that refugee camps in Uganda has only 43% of the pop ulation who fall inside the 200 meter radius of the water pumps. Hence, there are many adversities that are still prevalent in the refugee camps all over the world where the lack of clean water is imparting a significant detrimental effect on the health and wellbeing of the population and opening up the flood gates for all the waterborne communicable diseases, and there is need for better accessibility, availability and transferring of contamination free drinking water to these camps in adequate quantity to avoid these consequences of conflict crises (Hlavsa et al. 2011). Conclusion: With an understanding of the problems that are caused during refugee crisis related to health, we can identify a start lack of basic amenities and necessities like sanitation, health, and availability as wellas access to clean drinking water, all of which are basic human rights (Campbell et al., 2015). Therefore, the utmost importance is to maintain the basic qualities of living in these camps, to ensure a decent standard of life and prevent the breakout of spreadable and enteric diseases in these areas. This can additionally help to mitigate the crisis, and prevent refugee uprising and violence, which might have adverse socioeconomic implications. Also, stopping the spread of communicable diseases in the camps can prevent the spread outside the camps References: Alasaad, S., 2013. War diseases revealed by the social media: massive leishmaniasis outbreak in the Syrian Spring.Parasites vectors,6(1), p.94. Alawieh, A., Musharrafieh, U., Jaber, A., Berry, A., Ghosn, N. and Bizri, A.R., 2014. Revisiting leishmaniasis in the time of war: the Syrian conflict and the Lebanese outbreak.International Journal of Infectious Diseases,29, pp.115-119. Bartram, J. and Cairncross, S., 2010. Hygiene, sanitation, and water: forgotten foundations of health.PLoS medicine,7(11), p.e1000367. Biran, A., Schmidt, W.P., Zeleke, L., Emukule, H., Khay, H., Parker, J. and Peprah, D., 2012. Hygiene and sanitation practices amongst residents of three long?term refugee camps in Thailand, Ethiopia and Kenya. Tropical medicine international health, 17(9), pp.1133-1141. Brown, J., Cairncross, S. and Ensink, J.H., 2013. Water, sanitation, hygiene and enteric infections in children.Archives of disease in childhood, pp.archdischild-2011. Campbell, O.M., Benova, L., Gon, G., Afsana, K. and Cumming, O., 2015. Getting the basic rightsthe role of water, sanitation and hygiene in maternal and reproductive health: a conceptual framework.Tropical medicine international health,20(3), pp.252-267. Cronin, A.A., Shrestha, D., Cornier, N., Abdalla, F., Ezard, N. and Aramburu, C., 2008. A review of water and sanitation provision in refugee camps in association with selected health and nutrition indicatorsthe need for integrated service provision. Journal of water and health, 6(1), pp.1-13. Harding, E., Beckworth, C., Fesselet, J.F., Lenglet, A., Lako, R. and Valadez, J.J., 2017. Using lot quality assurance sampling to assess access to water, sanitation and hygiene services in a refugee camp setting in South Sudan: a feasibility study. BMC public health, 17(1), p.643. Hlavsa, M.C., Roberts, V.A., Anderson, A.R., Hill, V.R., Kahler, A.M., Orr, M., Garrison, L.E., Hicks, L.A., Newton, A., Hilborn, E.D. and Wade, T.J., 2011. 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Sharara, S.L. and Kanj, S.S., 2014. War and infectious diseases: challenges of the Syrian civil war.PLoS Pathogens,10(11), p.e1004438. Spengler, J.R., Ervin, E.D., Towner, J.S., Rollin, P.E. and Nichol, S.T., 2016. Perspectives on west africa ebola virus disease outbreak, 20132016.Emerging infectious diseases,22(6), p.956. Thomson, M.J., 2014. Mud, Dust, and Maroug: Precarious Construction in a Congolese Refugee Camp.Architectural Theory Review,19(3), pp.376-392. Wolf, J., Prss?Ustn, A., Cumming, O., Bartram, J., Bonjour, S., Cairncross, S., Clasen, T., Colford, J.M., Curtis, V., France, J. and Fewtrell, L., 2014. Systematic review: assessing the impact of drinking water and sanitation on diarrhoeal disease in low?and middle?income settings: systematic review and meta?regression.Tropical Medicine International Health,19(8), pp.928-942. www.cdc.gov (2017).Healthcare Access and Health Concerns among Syrian Refugees Living in Camps or Urban Settings Overseas | Syrian | Refugee Health Profiles | Immigrant and Refugee Health | CDC. [online] Cdc.gov. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/immigrantrefugeehealth/profiles/syrian/healthcare-diet/index.html [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. www.uniteforsight.org (2017).Healthcare in Refugee Camps and Settlements. [online] Uniteforsight.org. Available at: https://www.uniteforsight.org/refugee-health/module1 [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017].